ADE SOLVED assignment
*Course: General Science (6404)
Semester: Autumn, 2020
Level: ADE/B.Ed. (4 Years)
, ASSIGNMENT No. 1 (Units: 1-4) *
Q. 1 a) Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
i. Our Earth was forihe2 d by pangu is tte belief of Chinese.
ii. Our earth has 3 layers
iii. Days and nights are caused by the movement of the earth.
iv. Average speed of the earth is 460 meters per second.
v. A black hole uses the power of gravity.to pull things towards it.
* b) Define the following: *
Valency. atomic number, force, inertia and galaxy.
*ANS: Valency *: Valency is the measure of the combing capacity of atoms or molecules. Therefore, it is the capacity of an atom of a single element to react and combine with particular numbers of atoms of another element.
Atomic number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. which is characteristic of a chemical element and determines its place in the periodic table. Force: A force is a push or pulls upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object. When there is an interaction between two objects. there is a force upon each of the objects.
Inertia: Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its velocity.,
Galaxy: A galaxy is the gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter
Q. 2 Classify science. Elplorippilit kinds of sciences with help of examples.? * ANS:* The various forms of science can often be divided into subdivisions such as life sciences. physical sciences and earth sciences. While there is a lot of overlap between the sciences. knowing the differences between each type is essential for the budding science student.
* Life Sciences*
* Life science* encompasses anything that is living including people , animals. plants... even things as small as bacteria or viruses . * Biology*
* Anatomy* - Anatomy is concerned with the form and function of animals. plants. and humans. *Cell Biology *- Cellular biology is the study of the cell as a complete unit. Chronobiology - This field of biology examines how cyclical phenomena in living organisms interacts with the environment. Developmental Biology - Developmental biology is the study of the developmental process from zygote to full structure, It also encompasses embryology, which is the study of the development of embryo. * Genetics* - Genetics is the study of genes and heredity. It is often divided into several sub-disciplines: *Epigenetics *- Scientists who study epigenetics study heritable changes, such as how a given gene expresses itself, that are caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence Genomics - Genomics is the discipline in genetics concerned mapping the human genome. Histology - Histology is the study of the anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals. Evolutionary Biology; - Evolutionary biologists study the origin and change in various species over time. These scientists look at how genetics change. species adapt, and generally seek to record a history of life on earth. Photobiology - Photobiology is the scientific study of the interactions of light and living things. The field includes the study of photosynthesis. visual processing, and bioluminescence, to name a few. Botany * Botany,* is broadly defined as the scientific study of plants. There are several different areas of specialization. Bryology - Bryology is the study mosses, hepatics. and hornworts * Dendrology* - Dendrology is the study of woody plants. Lichenolog - Lichenologist study lichens . which are symbiotic fungi that have a photosynthesizing partner. Mycology - Mycology is the study of fungi and other plant life that reproduce via spores and do not make their own food via photosynthesis. Palynology - Palynology is the study of pollen and spores. By definition this can be in current living species or in fossil form. Phycolory - Phycology is the study of algae Ecology Ecology studies how organisms interact with their environment. Autecology - The primary goal of autecology is to study a single species within its environment. Scientists here seek to understand the behavior, needs, and natural history of the species by studying variables such as light, humidity, and available nutrients. * Benthic Ecology* - The term benthic" refers to the zone on the bottom of the ocean. Benthic ecologists look at what governs the biodiversity, structure, and function of the ecosystems at the bottom of the ocean. Conservation Ecology - Conservationscience is concerned or with finding ways to avoid the extinction of species. Econhysiology - Scientists in this field examine-adaptation of the individual to its environment. * Ecotoxicology* - Ecotoxicologists study the effects of toxic chemicals on various populations, including terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. Usually these toxic chemicals are pollutants, but sometimes they can be naturally occurring. *Macroecology *- Macroecologists look at ecology from a broader prespective, looking for generalized patterns in a large spatial scale, characterized by the search for statistical relationships to explain the distribution of biodiversity from a historical and geographical perspective. The opposite of macroecology is microecology. which looks at ecological processes on a minute or localized scale Microbial Ecology - As the name implies. microbial ecologists look at environment of microbes and how they interact with each other. *Molecular Ecology *- This science seeks to understand ecology through genetic data, Due to modern advances in genetics scientists can quantify genetic similarities and differences in a given population and answer questions about the evolution of that population in relation to its environment, Synecology - Synceology focuses on the interactions between coexisting species within an ecological community *Paleoecology *- Paleoecology use the study of fossils to understand the ecology of species in natural history. *Restoration Ecology *- Restoration ecologists figure out how to restore sites that have been disturbed or damaged, generally by human activity, Medicine Medicine is the science of healing and has many subspecialties Endocrinology - Endocrinologist study the endocrine system and diagnose and treat diseases. This includes things like diabetes and even osteoporosis. *Epidemiology *- Epidemiology is a branch of science that studies the cause and distribution of disease. Gerontology - Gerontology is the study of the ageing process. Scientists in this field are concerned about general health, as well as emotional well being. etc. Immunology - Immunology is the study of all aspects of the immune system. Scientists in this field look at things like how the immune system functions, how to boost the immune system, and the processes by which the immune system is weakened. Neuroscience - Neuroscientists study the structure and development of the nervous system. They are concerned both with how healthy nervous system functions, as well as how to fix issues as they arise both from birth and from trauma. Oncology - Oncology is the study of cancer, including how it starts and spreads. These scientists devote themselves to learning how cancer spreads and ways to stop or cure it. Pathology - Pathology is the study of the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease. Pathologists are concerned with learning how the spread of disease works so they can develop more effective medicines or cures. Pharmacology - Pharmacologists study the effects of drugs and synthetic medicines, as well as how to prepare and use said medicines. These scientists are studying how to make medicines safer and more effective, as well as develop new medicines to treat various diseases. Microbiology Microbiologists study organisms. Many of these are extremely small and require magnification to be seen by the naked eye. OrganismAerobiology - Aerobiology is the study of airborne biological particles and their movement and impact on human, animal, and plant health. These scientists are largely concerned with pollen and fungal spores and how that affects the health of people who are pollen-sensitive. Bacteriology - Bacteriologists study bacteria. The discipline has a variety of applications including the development of drugs to treat bacterial infections, as well as the development of vaccines. Molecular Biology - Molecular biologists study the molecular processes behind the transcription of RNA and how that transcription gets turned into protein. This science overlaps heavily with biochemistry and genetics. Virology - Virology is the study of viruses. The goal of these scientists is to discover the mechanisms by which they work, and how to treat them. Zoology Zoology, in short, is the study of animals. This not only includes things like how they are classified, but also animal physiology, development, and behavior. Sub-branches of zoology include: Hermit crabCarcinology - Carcinology is the study of crustaceans. Cetology - Cetologists study whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Entomology - Entomology is the study of insects. Herpetology - Herpetology is the study of amphibians and reptiles. Ichthyology - Ichthyology is the study of fish. Malacology - Malacologists study mollusks. Mammalogy - Mammalogy is the study of mammals. Ornithology - Ornithology is the scientific study of birds. Primatology - Primatology is the scientific study of primates. Parasitology - Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. Protozoology - Protozoology is the study of study of protozoans. Physical Sciences Physical sciences apply to those things that are not living. Astronomy
Astronomy is the study of space, such as planets, stars, and other, non-Earthly phenomena. Milky way and telescopeAeronautics - Aeronautics is the science of flight. Scientists in this field study how airplanes fly with the goal of building better, faster, and more efficient models. Astrobiology - Astrobiologists, in short, study life in the universe. Questions they want to solve include things like whether there is life elsewhere besides earth, what conditions are required for life to exist, and what are the extremes of the conditions that are necessary for life? Astrochemistry - Astrochemistry is the study of the chemical elements found in space. One thing astrochemists are working towards is finding carbon-based molecules that may hold the clues to how life started. Astrodynamics - Astrodynamics is the study of orbital trajectory, or rather, how things fly in space. These scientists solve problems like how to send a satellite into orbit and how to get it back to earth safely. Astronautics - This discipline is all about designing and sending space vehicles into space. While astrodynamics concerns itself with how to keep them in orbit, or predicting an orbit, astronautics is concerned with the actual design of the vehicles. Astrophysics - Astrophysics is a branch of space science that applies the laws of physics and chemistry to explain the birth, life, and death of stars, planets, galaxies, nebulae, and other objects in the universe. NASA notes that the goals of the astrophysicist are to discover how the universe works, learn how the universe began, and search for life on other planets. Forensic Astronomy - Forensic astronomers use astronomy to help solve crimes or to testify in civil cases. Anytime testimony may be needed about the position of the moon during an incident, or the position of other celestial objects, the forensic astronomer is called in. Space Archaeology - Space archaeology is a field that combines archaeology with astronomy. Scientists in this field focus on finding artifacts and generally look to preserve heritage through what they find in space. However, another interesting application of space archaeology is finding artifacts on earth using instruments from space. Space Medicine - Space medicine is concerned with how to keep astronauts healthy in space. One of the primary goals of space medicine is to counter effect the results of weightlessness in space on the astronaut's body. Geology Geologists study the earth - its materials, processes, and history. These scientists might look at climate change or work towards advancing technology that predicts earthquakes. They may also work to find the best place for a mine, how to find water underground, or similar technologies. Open geodeGeochemistry - Geochemists study chemical elements in rocks and minerals, as well as the movement of these elements into soil and water systems. They might use this data to help scientists understand how the earth is changing, help companies use natural resources, or even help oil companies know where to drill for oil. Geophysics - A geophysicist is someone who studies the Earth using gravity, magnetic, electrical, and seismic methods. They might help companies understand where to build large structures like dams, or they might spend time indoors making computer models. Their work is broad in scope and can include marine, seismic, and a variety of other sciences. Mineralogy - As you might guess, mineralogists study minerals. Since minerals occur naturally all over the earth, there are a wide variety of things that mineralogists can do, including working in a museum, working for universities in continuing research, and even working for private mining companies. Petrology - Petrology is the study of rocks. There are three main subdivisions of petrology, each corresponding with the type of rock that's being studied (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic). Sedimentology - Sedimentologists study sediment (sand, mud, and dirt) and how it is deposited. Those who study sedimentology are especially concerned with finding petrol in sedimentary rocks or fossils. However, there are many other varied applications. It is related to stratigraphy, which studies rock layers and how they shift and move. Volcanology - Volcanology is the study of volcanoes. Volcanologists hope to understand why and how volcanoes erupt, how to predict eruptions, their impacts on the history of the Earth, and how they may affect humans and their environment. Oceanography Oceanography deals with the biological, physical, and chemical properties of the world's oceans. Oceanographers are concerned with both solving pragmatic problems (like how to clean up an oil spill or help an endangered species), as well as making new discoveries such as finding new species of marine life. Jellyfish in oceanLimnology - Limnologists study inland water systems, such as lakes, rivers, reservoirs, streams, and wetlands. They are concerned with studying how those ecosystems interact with their drainage basins, and the discipline involves a lot of other areas of science, such as biology, chemistry, and geology. Marine Biology - Marine biology has a two-fold focus. These biologists study the ecology of marine organisms in the context of the characteristics of their ocean environment. In addition, some marine biologists focus on specific marine species. Marine Chemistry - Marine chemistry is the study of the chemical composition and chemical processes of the world's oceans. Marine Geology - Marine geologists study the geology of the ocean floor, paying special attention to plate tectonics and paleoceanography. Physical Oceanography - Physical oceanographers study the physical processes and conditions in the ocean. They look at things like waves, currents, eddies, gyres, and tides. They also study the transport of sand on and off beaches; coastal erosion; and the interactions of the atmosphere and the ocean. Physics Physicists study energy, matter, and their interactions. Blackboard with mathematical symbolsAcoustics - Acoustics is the study of the mechanical waves in various states of matter. In other words, it is the study of sound and has applications not only in music and architecture but also for things like SONAR, ultrasound for medical imaging, and even noise control. Aerodynamics - Aerodynamics is the study of the motion of air. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics (AMO) - AMO is the study of how matter and light interact. Classical Physics - Classical physics is physics that predates the advent of quantum mechanics. It is largely based on Newton's laws of motion. Cryogenics - Cryogenics is the study of very low temperatures and the behavior of materials at those temperatures. In large part, research is focused on how to preserve living organisms. Dynamics - Dynamics is the study of the causes of motion and changes in motion. Electromagnetism - Electromagnetism is the branch of science that focuses on forces that occur between electrically charged particles. In depth, scientists in this field study the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Mechanics - Mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment. Thermodynamics - Thermodynamics is the study of the relationships between heat and mechanical energy. Nuclear Physics - This branch of science is aimed at understanding quarks and gluons. In short, nuclear physicists study the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. Optics - Optics is a branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light and how it interacts with matter. Quantum Physics - Quantum physics is the branch of physics concerned with movement on the atomic and subatomic level. Chemistry In brief, chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, and how they interact with other substances or energy. Chemical glasswareAnalytical Chemistry - Analytical chemistry is the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition and structure. Calorimetry - This is the study of heat changes in physical and chemical processes. Inorganic Chemistry - Inorganic chemistry is the study of the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. The distinction between organic and inorganic disciplines is not absolute, and there is much overlap, most importantly in the sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry. Organic Chemistry - Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, mechanisms, and reactions of organic compounds. An organic compound is defined as any compound based on a carbon skeleton. Organometallic Chemistry - Organometallic chemistry looks at compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal. Polymer Chemistry - Polymer chemistry is a multidisciplinary science that deals with the chemical synthesis and chemical properties of polymers or macromolecules. Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy. It pertains to the dispersion of an object's light into its component colors. Thermochemistry -The branch of chemistry that studies the relation between chemical action and the amount of heat absorbed or generated. Earth Science As the name implies, Earth science is the study of Earth and neighboring bodies. Lots of lightningBiogeochemistry - Biogeochemistry explores the physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes and reactions that govern the composition of and changes to the natural environment. Climatology - Climatology is the study of the earth's climate. It is primarily concerned with understanding the impacts of climate change. Climatologists are also concerned with how to mitigate those effects. Glaciology - Glaciology is the study of glaciers. Hydrology - Hydrologists focus on studying the earth's water systems. They try to solve problems related to how much water people have, the quality of the water they have and the availability of said water. Meteorology - Meteorology is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and its effect on our weather. Pedology - Pedology is the scientific study of soil.
Q. 3 What do you know about the galaxy? Give a comprehensive description of types of galaxies.?
ANS: We live on a planet called Earth that is part of our solar system. But where is our solar system? It’s a small part of the Milky Way Galaxy. A galaxy is a huge collection of gas, dust, and of stars and their solar systems. A galaxy is held together by gravity. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, also has a in the middle. When you look up at stars in the night sky, you’re seeing other stars in the Milky Way. If it’s really dark, far away from lights from cities and houses, you can even see the dusty bands of the Milky Way stretch across the sky. There are many galaxies besides ours, though. There are so many, we can’t even count them all yet! The looked at a small patch of space for 12 days and found 10,000 galaxies, of all sizes, shapes, and colors. Some scientists think there could be as many as galaxies in the universe. Some galaxies are spiral-shaped like ours. They have curved arms that make it look like a pinwheel. Other galaxies are smooth and oval shaped. They’re called elliptical galaxies. And there are also galaxies that aren’t spirals or ovals. Sometimes galaxies get too close and smash into each other. Our Milky Way galaxy will someday bump into Andromeda, our closest galactic neighbour. But don’t worry. It won’t happen for about five billion years. But even if it happened tomorrow, you might not notice. Galaxies are so big and spread out at the ends that even though galaxies bump into each other, the planets and solar systems often don’t get close to colliding. types of galaxies There are three main types of galaxies: Elliptical, Spiral, and Irregular. Two of these three types are further divided and classified into a system that is now known the tuning fork diagram. When Hubble first created this diagram, he believed that this was an evolutionary sequence as well as a classification. Elliptical Galaxies
Elliptical galaxies are shaped like a spheriod, or elongated sphere. In the sky, where we can only see two of their three dimensions, these galaxies look like elliptical, or oval, shaped disks. The light is smooth, with the surface brightness decreasing as you go farther out from the center. Elliptical galaxies are given a classification that corresponds to their elongation from a perfect circle, otherwise known as their ellipticity. The larger the number, the more elliptical the galaxy is. So, for example a galaxy of classification of E0 appears to be perfectly circular, while a classification of E7 is very flattened. The elliptical scale varies from E0 to E7. Elliptical galaxies have no particular axis of rotation. Elliptical galaxy M87 Spiral Galaxies Spiral galaxy M100 Spiral galaxies have three main components: a bulge, disk, and halo (see right). The bulge is a spherical structure found in the center of the galaxy. This feature mostly contains older stars. The disk is made up of dust, gas, and younger stars. The disk forms arm structures. Our Sun is located in an arm of our galaxy, the Milky Way. The halo of a galaxy is a loose, spherical structure located around the bulge and some of the disk. The halo contains old clusters of stars, known as globular clusters. Spiral galaxies are classified into two groups, ordinary and barred. The ordinary group is designated by S or SA, and the barred group by SB. In normal spirals (as seen at above left) the arms originate directly from the nucleus, or bulge, where in the barred spirals (see right) there is a bar of material that runs through the nucleus that the arms emerge from. Both of these types are given a classification according to how tightly their arms are wound. The classifications are a, b, c, d ... with "a" having the tightest arms. In type "a", the arms are usually not well defined and form almost a circular pattern. Sometimes you will see the classification of a galaxy with two lower case letters. This means that the tightness of the spiral structure is halfway between those two letters. Spiral galaxy NGC 1365 S0 Galaxies S0 galaxies are an intermediate type of galaxy between E7 and a "true" spiral Sa. They differ from ellipticals because they have a bulge and a thin disk, but are different from Sa because they have no spiral structure. S0 galaxies are also known as Lenticular galaxies. Irregular Galaxies Irregular galaxies have no regular or symmetrical structure. They are divided into two groups, Irr I and IrrII. Irr I type galaxies have HII regions, which are regions of elemental hydrogen gas, and many Population I stars, which are young hot stars. Irr II galaxies simply seem to have large amounts of dust that block most of the light from the stars. All this dust makes is almost impossible to see distinct stars in the galaxy.
Q. 4 Write importance of the matter and its states in human life
ANS: Solids, liquids and gases are three states of matter. ... It is important to understand the particle nature of matter. The particles that make up matter are not small bits of solid' or small drops of liquid' but atoms and molecule the physical characteristics of those atoms and molecules decide its state. The importance of the matter in our life are : 1. Everything present in the universe is made of matter. Even we. the human beings. are made of matter. 2. Matter has atoms and molecules. So the food that we eat every day consists of atoms as well as molecules. Therefore, the food are also a kind of matter without which we cannot survive. 3. The clothes that we wear, all the necessary things like pencil, brush, utensils all are made of matter. Matter has atoms and molecules. So the food that we eat everyday consists atoms as well as molecules. Therefore. the food are also a kind of matter without which we cannot survive. It is important because we are actually made of matter and so is everything in the universe. The matter is made up of what atoms and molecules are made of, meaning anything made of positively charged protons. neutral neutrons. and negatively charged electrons.... From our observations, matter makes up pretty much everything. (i)Matter is the basis of all nuclear reactions. (ii) Matter is the material required for starting chemical react. Every chemical reaction has to start with mass (iii) Matter is the basis of life At its most fundamental level, life is made of matter. ..., All it is composed of elements. substances that cannot be broken down or transformed chemicaIly into other substances. Each element is made of atoms, each with a constant number of protons and unique properties. Matter is a physical substance that occupies space. has mass. is composed Of atoms—or, in the case of subatomic particles, is part of an atom—and is convertible to energy. On Earth. matter appears in three clearly defined forms—solid, liquid, and gas--whose varying structural characteristic is a function of the speeds at which its molecules move in relation to one another. A single substance may exist in any of the three phases: liquid water. for instance, can be heated to be steam. a vapour: or, when sufficient heat is removed from it becomes ice, a solid. These are merely physical changes, which do not affect the basic composition of the substance itself it is still water. Matter. however. can and does under go chemical changes. and molecular level. At the subject of matter. In recent times it is an overused cliche and every commercial on TV will tell you -what matters" in your life from the thread count of your sheets to the lives that are lost and saved in social interactions with law enforcement. There is matter.. In theory there is antimatter and dark matter that is said to occupy the majority of mass in the Universe. Anything with mass is most likely matter including most elements and compounds in solid-liquid-gaseous states. In everyday life Antimatter doesnt matter take the matter accelerate it to 186,000 miles per second and it becomes energy( General relatiVity) E=Mc squared. It is important than anything.You utilise matter in your lives.Everything around consists of matter .Either it is a solid , liquid or gas .Everything happens with the change of matter or the use and functioning of matter.You drink milk everyday .the milk contains atoms,the cup contains atoms,the air around the cup contains atoms. In every way you are using these atoms in your daily appliances. Our world is matter in movement so it is rather quite fundamental for us, except we live in a simulation and matter is only an illusion. Matter is very important, so you have written about the matter. the most important matter is. in one word. Bliss encompasses every thing,Tangible and intangible
Q5 what is screw gauge?find mechanical advantage of screw gauge?
ANS
screw gauge
The screw gauge is an instrument used for measuring exactly the diameter of a thin wire or the width of a sheet of metal. It comprises of a U-shaped mount which is fixed with a screwed pin which is fixed to a thimble. Side by side to the axis of the thimble, a scale passed in mm is inscribed. Having a U shaped metallic mount, a screw gauge measures even the tiniest length with exact accuracy.Just like Vernier calipers, a screw gauge also holds two scales - a key scale and an additional scale. The key scale is a millimeter scale passed to 0.5 mm, on the other hand, the additional scale is split into 50 uniform divisions. The additional scale is on the small metal cap which safeguards the finger while sewing of the screw gauge and measures hundredth of the measurement. The mandible of the gauge is shifted revolving the thimble. The additional scale on the thimble is also termed as the Vernier revolving scale. Besides, the thimble is so adapted that 2 changes of the thimble will let the mandible to shift by 1 mm. This means that a single revolving will shift the mandibles only by 0.50 mm. The key scale rest on the part of the screw gauge termed as the “sleeve". In order of priority to take the studies by using a screw gauge, the thing is set between the mandibles which are shifted by the thimble. The transmission button is used to set the object strongly between the mandibles. For exact reading, the thimble should be shifted until three clicks are audible from the main part of the device.The main part of the device checks the exactness and also stops the object from getting ruined. The key scale reading is taken considering also the 0.5 mm divisions that are given below the key scale. The additional scale reading is captured by noticing the level on the thimble that coexists with the key scale on the sleeve. It has all the bells and whistles you need for the getting the accurate result of measurements and it is also known as the Micrometer Screw Gauge. In an order to know more about the instrument, take a dive into the some of its advantages mentioned-below.
Advantages
Accurate Measurement: One of the main reasons why you should use a micrometer is that it delivers you quick and accurate results. Thus, it is considered as one of the most accurate measuring devices in all the industries where it is used. *Wide Applications:*Micrometers are highly demanded in mechanical engineering and machining applications. Also, they are very easy to use and one case easily gets the accurate reading with having bit knowledge of precision measuring tools. *Great Potential:*Each and every unit of the micrometer is fitted with specialized equipment that is known for serving specific tasks. Some of them even have anvils and spindle tips that allow the more precision measurement as per the need of your application. *Different Types Available:*In an order to get the accurate measurement of a specific type of a distance, it is important to stick to its right type. This is because the variety of distances can be measured with this instrument and it totally depends on its right type. *Highly Durable:*The device has a long-serving life and thus, requires investment only in the starting and afterwards you can reap its benefits for longer period. One can use it in more than one application multiple times. Therefore, you get assured that your investment is secure. All its advantages mentioned above make it an ideal choice in all the industries where they have a high demand. This precision measuring instrument is very much important and best to use as compare to any other similar option out in the market for serving the same purpose. Also, their cost is not so high and can fit into your budget, which means no matter what the size of your organization, you can afford this instrument and take all its benefits.
Semester: Autumn, 2020
Level: ADE/B.Ed. (4 Years)
, ASSIGNMENT No. 1 (Units: 1-4) *
Q. 1 a) Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
i. Our Earth was forihe2 d by pangu is tte belief of Chinese.
ii. Our earth has 3 layers
iii. Days and nights are caused by the movement of the earth.
iv. Average speed of the earth is 460 meters per second.
v. A black hole uses the power of gravity.to pull things towards it.
* b) Define the following: *
Valency. atomic number, force, inertia and galaxy.
*ANS: Valency *: Valency is the measure of the combing capacity of atoms or molecules. Therefore, it is the capacity of an atom of a single element to react and combine with particular numbers of atoms of another element.
Atomic number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. which is characteristic of a chemical element and determines its place in the periodic table. Force: A force is a push or pulls upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object. When there is an interaction between two objects. there is a force upon each of the objects.
Inertia: Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its velocity.,
Galaxy: A galaxy is the gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter
Q. 2 Classify science. Elplorippilit kinds of sciences with help of examples.? * ANS:* The various forms of science can often be divided into subdivisions such as life sciences. physical sciences and earth sciences. While there is a lot of overlap between the sciences. knowing the differences between each type is essential for the budding science student.
* Life Sciences*
* Life science* encompasses anything that is living including people , animals. plants... even things as small as bacteria or viruses . * Biology*
* Anatomy* - Anatomy is concerned with the form and function of animals. plants. and humans. *Cell Biology *- Cellular biology is the study of the cell as a complete unit. Chronobiology - This field of biology examines how cyclical phenomena in living organisms interacts with the environment. Developmental Biology - Developmental biology is the study of the developmental process from zygote to full structure, It also encompasses embryology, which is the study of the development of embryo. * Genetics* - Genetics is the study of genes and heredity. It is often divided into several sub-disciplines: *Epigenetics *- Scientists who study epigenetics study heritable changes, such as how a given gene expresses itself, that are caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence Genomics - Genomics is the discipline in genetics concerned mapping the human genome. Histology - Histology is the study of the anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals. Evolutionary Biology; - Evolutionary biologists study the origin and change in various species over time. These scientists look at how genetics change. species adapt, and generally seek to record a history of life on earth. Photobiology - Photobiology is the scientific study of the interactions of light and living things. The field includes the study of photosynthesis. visual processing, and bioluminescence, to name a few. Botany * Botany,* is broadly defined as the scientific study of plants. There are several different areas of specialization. Bryology - Bryology is the study mosses, hepatics. and hornworts * Dendrology* - Dendrology is the study of woody plants. Lichenolog - Lichenologist study lichens . which are symbiotic fungi that have a photosynthesizing partner. Mycology - Mycology is the study of fungi and other plant life that reproduce via spores and do not make their own food via photosynthesis. Palynology - Palynology is the study of pollen and spores. By definition this can be in current living species or in fossil form. Phycolory - Phycology is the study of algae Ecology Ecology studies how organisms interact with their environment. Autecology - The primary goal of autecology is to study a single species within its environment. Scientists here seek to understand the behavior, needs, and natural history of the species by studying variables such as light, humidity, and available nutrients. * Benthic Ecology* - The term benthic" refers to the zone on the bottom of the ocean. Benthic ecologists look at what governs the biodiversity, structure, and function of the ecosystems at the bottom of the ocean. Conservation Ecology - Conservationscience is concerned or with finding ways to avoid the extinction of species. Econhysiology - Scientists in this field examine-adaptation of the individual to its environment. * Ecotoxicology* - Ecotoxicologists study the effects of toxic chemicals on various populations, including terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. Usually these toxic chemicals are pollutants, but sometimes they can be naturally occurring. *Macroecology *- Macroecologists look at ecology from a broader prespective, looking for generalized patterns in a large spatial scale, characterized by the search for statistical relationships to explain the distribution of biodiversity from a historical and geographical perspective. The opposite of macroecology is microecology. which looks at ecological processes on a minute or localized scale Microbial Ecology - As the name implies. microbial ecologists look at environment of microbes and how they interact with each other. *Molecular Ecology *- This science seeks to understand ecology through genetic data, Due to modern advances in genetics scientists can quantify genetic similarities and differences in a given population and answer questions about the evolution of that population in relation to its environment, Synecology - Synceology focuses on the interactions between coexisting species within an ecological community *Paleoecology *- Paleoecology use the study of fossils to understand the ecology of species in natural history. *Restoration Ecology *- Restoration ecologists figure out how to restore sites that have been disturbed or damaged, generally by human activity, Medicine Medicine is the science of healing and has many subspecialties Endocrinology - Endocrinologist study the endocrine system and diagnose and treat diseases. This includes things like diabetes and even osteoporosis. *Epidemiology *- Epidemiology is a branch of science that studies the cause and distribution of disease. Gerontology - Gerontology is the study of the ageing process. Scientists in this field are concerned about general health, as well as emotional well being. etc. Immunology - Immunology is the study of all aspects of the immune system. Scientists in this field look at things like how the immune system functions, how to boost the immune system, and the processes by which the immune system is weakened. Neuroscience - Neuroscientists study the structure and development of the nervous system. They are concerned both with how healthy nervous system functions, as well as how to fix issues as they arise both from birth and from trauma. Oncology - Oncology is the study of cancer, including how it starts and spreads. These scientists devote themselves to learning how cancer spreads and ways to stop or cure it. Pathology - Pathology is the study of the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease. Pathologists are concerned with learning how the spread of disease works so they can develop more effective medicines or cures. Pharmacology - Pharmacologists study the effects of drugs and synthetic medicines, as well as how to prepare and use said medicines. These scientists are studying how to make medicines safer and more effective, as well as develop new medicines to treat various diseases. Microbiology Microbiologists study organisms. Many of these are extremely small and require magnification to be seen by the naked eye. OrganismAerobiology - Aerobiology is the study of airborne biological particles and their movement and impact on human, animal, and plant health. These scientists are largely concerned with pollen and fungal spores and how that affects the health of people who are pollen-sensitive. Bacteriology - Bacteriologists study bacteria. The discipline has a variety of applications including the development of drugs to treat bacterial infections, as well as the development of vaccines. Molecular Biology - Molecular biologists study the molecular processes behind the transcription of RNA and how that transcription gets turned into protein. This science overlaps heavily with biochemistry and genetics. Virology - Virology is the study of viruses. The goal of these scientists is to discover the mechanisms by which they work, and how to treat them. Zoology Zoology, in short, is the study of animals. This not only includes things like how they are classified, but also animal physiology, development, and behavior. Sub-branches of zoology include: Hermit crabCarcinology - Carcinology is the study of crustaceans. Cetology - Cetologists study whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Entomology - Entomology is the study of insects. Herpetology - Herpetology is the study of amphibians and reptiles. Ichthyology - Ichthyology is the study of fish. Malacology - Malacologists study mollusks. Mammalogy - Mammalogy is the study of mammals. Ornithology - Ornithology is the scientific study of birds. Primatology - Primatology is the scientific study of primates. Parasitology - Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. Protozoology - Protozoology is the study of study of protozoans. Physical Sciences Physical sciences apply to those things that are not living. Astronomy
Astronomy is the study of space, such as planets, stars, and other, non-Earthly phenomena. Milky way and telescopeAeronautics - Aeronautics is the science of flight. Scientists in this field study how airplanes fly with the goal of building better, faster, and more efficient models. Astrobiology - Astrobiologists, in short, study life in the universe. Questions they want to solve include things like whether there is life elsewhere besides earth, what conditions are required for life to exist, and what are the extremes of the conditions that are necessary for life? Astrochemistry - Astrochemistry is the study of the chemical elements found in space. One thing astrochemists are working towards is finding carbon-based molecules that may hold the clues to how life started. Astrodynamics - Astrodynamics is the study of orbital trajectory, or rather, how things fly in space. These scientists solve problems like how to send a satellite into orbit and how to get it back to earth safely. Astronautics - This discipline is all about designing and sending space vehicles into space. While astrodynamics concerns itself with how to keep them in orbit, or predicting an orbit, astronautics is concerned with the actual design of the vehicles. Astrophysics - Astrophysics is a branch of space science that applies the laws of physics and chemistry to explain the birth, life, and death of stars, planets, galaxies, nebulae, and other objects in the universe. NASA notes that the goals of the astrophysicist are to discover how the universe works, learn how the universe began, and search for life on other planets. Forensic Astronomy - Forensic astronomers use astronomy to help solve crimes or to testify in civil cases. Anytime testimony may be needed about the position of the moon during an incident, or the position of other celestial objects, the forensic astronomer is called in. Space Archaeology - Space archaeology is a field that combines archaeology with astronomy. Scientists in this field focus on finding artifacts and generally look to preserve heritage through what they find in space. However, another interesting application of space archaeology is finding artifacts on earth using instruments from space. Space Medicine - Space medicine is concerned with how to keep astronauts healthy in space. One of the primary goals of space medicine is to counter effect the results of weightlessness in space on the astronaut's body. Geology Geologists study the earth - its materials, processes, and history. These scientists might look at climate change or work towards advancing technology that predicts earthquakes. They may also work to find the best place for a mine, how to find water underground, or similar technologies. Open geodeGeochemistry - Geochemists study chemical elements in rocks and minerals, as well as the movement of these elements into soil and water systems. They might use this data to help scientists understand how the earth is changing, help companies use natural resources, or even help oil companies know where to drill for oil. Geophysics - A geophysicist is someone who studies the Earth using gravity, magnetic, electrical, and seismic methods. They might help companies understand where to build large structures like dams, or they might spend time indoors making computer models. Their work is broad in scope and can include marine, seismic, and a variety of other sciences. Mineralogy - As you might guess, mineralogists study minerals. Since minerals occur naturally all over the earth, there are a wide variety of things that mineralogists can do, including working in a museum, working for universities in continuing research, and even working for private mining companies. Petrology - Petrology is the study of rocks. There are three main subdivisions of petrology, each corresponding with the type of rock that's being studied (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic). Sedimentology - Sedimentologists study sediment (sand, mud, and dirt) and how it is deposited. Those who study sedimentology are especially concerned with finding petrol in sedimentary rocks or fossils. However, there are many other varied applications. It is related to stratigraphy, which studies rock layers and how they shift and move. Volcanology - Volcanology is the study of volcanoes. Volcanologists hope to understand why and how volcanoes erupt, how to predict eruptions, their impacts on the history of the Earth, and how they may affect humans and their environment. Oceanography Oceanography deals with the biological, physical, and chemical properties of the world's oceans. Oceanographers are concerned with both solving pragmatic problems (like how to clean up an oil spill or help an endangered species), as well as making new discoveries such as finding new species of marine life. Jellyfish in oceanLimnology - Limnologists study inland water systems, such as lakes, rivers, reservoirs, streams, and wetlands. They are concerned with studying how those ecosystems interact with their drainage basins, and the discipline involves a lot of other areas of science, such as biology, chemistry, and geology. Marine Biology - Marine biology has a two-fold focus. These biologists study the ecology of marine organisms in the context of the characteristics of their ocean environment. In addition, some marine biologists focus on specific marine species. Marine Chemistry - Marine chemistry is the study of the chemical composition and chemical processes of the world's oceans. Marine Geology - Marine geologists study the geology of the ocean floor, paying special attention to plate tectonics and paleoceanography. Physical Oceanography - Physical oceanographers study the physical processes and conditions in the ocean. They look at things like waves, currents, eddies, gyres, and tides. They also study the transport of sand on and off beaches; coastal erosion; and the interactions of the atmosphere and the ocean. Physics Physicists study energy, matter, and their interactions. Blackboard with mathematical symbolsAcoustics - Acoustics is the study of the mechanical waves in various states of matter. In other words, it is the study of sound and has applications not only in music and architecture but also for things like SONAR, ultrasound for medical imaging, and even noise control. Aerodynamics - Aerodynamics is the study of the motion of air. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics (AMO) - AMO is the study of how matter and light interact. Classical Physics - Classical physics is physics that predates the advent of quantum mechanics. It is largely based on Newton's laws of motion. Cryogenics - Cryogenics is the study of very low temperatures and the behavior of materials at those temperatures. In large part, research is focused on how to preserve living organisms. Dynamics - Dynamics is the study of the causes of motion and changes in motion. Electromagnetism - Electromagnetism is the branch of science that focuses on forces that occur between electrically charged particles. In depth, scientists in this field study the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Mechanics - Mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment. Thermodynamics - Thermodynamics is the study of the relationships between heat and mechanical energy. Nuclear Physics - This branch of science is aimed at understanding quarks and gluons. In short, nuclear physicists study the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. Optics - Optics is a branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light and how it interacts with matter. Quantum Physics - Quantum physics is the branch of physics concerned with movement on the atomic and subatomic level. Chemistry In brief, chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, and how they interact with other substances or energy. Chemical glasswareAnalytical Chemistry - Analytical chemistry is the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition and structure. Calorimetry - This is the study of heat changes in physical and chemical processes. Inorganic Chemistry - Inorganic chemistry is the study of the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. The distinction between organic and inorganic disciplines is not absolute, and there is much overlap, most importantly in the sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry. Organic Chemistry - Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, mechanisms, and reactions of organic compounds. An organic compound is defined as any compound based on a carbon skeleton. Organometallic Chemistry - Organometallic chemistry looks at compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal. Polymer Chemistry - Polymer chemistry is a multidisciplinary science that deals with the chemical synthesis and chemical properties of polymers or macromolecules. Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy. It pertains to the dispersion of an object's light into its component colors. Thermochemistry -The branch of chemistry that studies the relation between chemical action and the amount of heat absorbed or generated. Earth Science As the name implies, Earth science is the study of Earth and neighboring bodies. Lots of lightningBiogeochemistry - Biogeochemistry explores the physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes and reactions that govern the composition of and changes to the natural environment. Climatology - Climatology is the study of the earth's climate. It is primarily concerned with understanding the impacts of climate change. Climatologists are also concerned with how to mitigate those effects. Glaciology - Glaciology is the study of glaciers. Hydrology - Hydrologists focus on studying the earth's water systems. They try to solve problems related to how much water people have, the quality of the water they have and the availability of said water. Meteorology - Meteorology is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and its effect on our weather. Pedology - Pedology is the scientific study of soil.
Q. 3 What do you know about the galaxy? Give a comprehensive description of types of galaxies.?
ANS: We live on a planet called Earth that is part of our solar system. But where is our solar system? It’s a small part of the Milky Way Galaxy. A galaxy is a huge collection of gas, dust, and of stars and their solar systems. A galaxy is held together by gravity. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, also has a in the middle. When you look up at stars in the night sky, you’re seeing other stars in the Milky Way. If it’s really dark, far away from lights from cities and houses, you can even see the dusty bands of the Milky Way stretch across the sky. There are many galaxies besides ours, though. There are so many, we can’t even count them all yet! The looked at a small patch of space for 12 days and found 10,000 galaxies, of all sizes, shapes, and colors. Some scientists think there could be as many as galaxies in the universe. Some galaxies are spiral-shaped like ours. They have curved arms that make it look like a pinwheel. Other galaxies are smooth and oval shaped. They’re called elliptical galaxies. And there are also galaxies that aren’t spirals or ovals. Sometimes galaxies get too close and smash into each other. Our Milky Way galaxy will someday bump into Andromeda, our closest galactic neighbour. But don’t worry. It won’t happen for about five billion years. But even if it happened tomorrow, you might not notice. Galaxies are so big and spread out at the ends that even though galaxies bump into each other, the planets and solar systems often don’t get close to colliding. types of galaxies There are three main types of galaxies: Elliptical, Spiral, and Irregular. Two of these three types are further divided and classified into a system that is now known the tuning fork diagram. When Hubble first created this diagram, he believed that this was an evolutionary sequence as well as a classification. Elliptical Galaxies
Elliptical galaxies are shaped like a spheriod, or elongated sphere. In the sky, where we can only see two of their three dimensions, these galaxies look like elliptical, or oval, shaped disks. The light is smooth, with the surface brightness decreasing as you go farther out from the center. Elliptical galaxies are given a classification that corresponds to their elongation from a perfect circle, otherwise known as their ellipticity. The larger the number, the more elliptical the galaxy is. So, for example a galaxy of classification of E0 appears to be perfectly circular, while a classification of E7 is very flattened. The elliptical scale varies from E0 to E7. Elliptical galaxies have no particular axis of rotation. Elliptical galaxy M87 Spiral Galaxies Spiral galaxy M100 Spiral galaxies have three main components: a bulge, disk, and halo (see right). The bulge is a spherical structure found in the center of the galaxy. This feature mostly contains older stars. The disk is made up of dust, gas, and younger stars. The disk forms arm structures. Our Sun is located in an arm of our galaxy, the Milky Way. The halo of a galaxy is a loose, spherical structure located around the bulge and some of the disk. The halo contains old clusters of stars, known as globular clusters. Spiral galaxies are classified into two groups, ordinary and barred. The ordinary group is designated by S or SA, and the barred group by SB. In normal spirals (as seen at above left) the arms originate directly from the nucleus, or bulge, where in the barred spirals (see right) there is a bar of material that runs through the nucleus that the arms emerge from. Both of these types are given a classification according to how tightly their arms are wound. The classifications are a, b, c, d ... with "a" having the tightest arms. In type "a", the arms are usually not well defined and form almost a circular pattern. Sometimes you will see the classification of a galaxy with two lower case letters. This means that the tightness of the spiral structure is halfway between those two letters. Spiral galaxy NGC 1365 S0 Galaxies S0 galaxies are an intermediate type of galaxy between E7 and a "true" spiral Sa. They differ from ellipticals because they have a bulge and a thin disk, but are different from Sa because they have no spiral structure. S0 galaxies are also known as Lenticular galaxies. Irregular Galaxies Irregular galaxies have no regular or symmetrical structure. They are divided into two groups, Irr I and IrrII. Irr I type galaxies have HII regions, which are regions of elemental hydrogen gas, and many Population I stars, which are young hot stars. Irr II galaxies simply seem to have large amounts of dust that block most of the light from the stars. All this dust makes is almost impossible to see distinct stars in the galaxy.
Q. 4 Write importance of the matter and its states in human life
ANS: Solids, liquids and gases are three states of matter. ... It is important to understand the particle nature of matter. The particles that make up matter are not small bits of solid' or small drops of liquid' but atoms and molecule the physical characteristics of those atoms and molecules decide its state. The importance of the matter in our life are : 1. Everything present in the universe is made of matter. Even we. the human beings. are made of matter. 2. Matter has atoms and molecules. So the food that we eat every day consists of atoms as well as molecules. Therefore, the food are also a kind of matter without which we cannot survive. 3. The clothes that we wear, all the necessary things like pencil, brush, utensils all are made of matter. Matter has atoms and molecules. So the food that we eat everyday consists atoms as well as molecules. Therefore. the food are also a kind of matter without which we cannot survive. It is important because we are actually made of matter and so is everything in the universe. The matter is made up of what atoms and molecules are made of, meaning anything made of positively charged protons. neutral neutrons. and negatively charged electrons.... From our observations, matter makes up pretty much everything. (i)Matter is the basis of all nuclear reactions. (ii) Matter is the material required for starting chemical react. Every chemical reaction has to start with mass (iii) Matter is the basis of life At its most fundamental level, life is made of matter. ..., All it is composed of elements. substances that cannot be broken down or transformed chemicaIly into other substances. Each element is made of atoms, each with a constant number of protons and unique properties. Matter is a physical substance that occupies space. has mass. is composed Of atoms—or, in the case of subatomic particles, is part of an atom—and is convertible to energy. On Earth. matter appears in three clearly defined forms—solid, liquid, and gas--whose varying structural characteristic is a function of the speeds at which its molecules move in relation to one another. A single substance may exist in any of the three phases: liquid water. for instance, can be heated to be steam. a vapour: or, when sufficient heat is removed from it becomes ice, a solid. These are merely physical changes, which do not affect the basic composition of the substance itself it is still water. Matter. however. can and does under go chemical changes. and molecular level. At the subject of matter. In recent times it is an overused cliche and every commercial on TV will tell you -what matters" in your life from the thread count of your sheets to the lives that are lost and saved in social interactions with law enforcement. There is matter.. In theory there is antimatter and dark matter that is said to occupy the majority of mass in the Universe. Anything with mass is most likely matter including most elements and compounds in solid-liquid-gaseous states. In everyday life Antimatter doesnt matter take the matter accelerate it to 186,000 miles per second and it becomes energy( General relatiVity) E=Mc squared. It is important than anything.You utilise matter in your lives.Everything around consists of matter .Either it is a solid , liquid or gas .Everything happens with the change of matter or the use and functioning of matter.You drink milk everyday .the milk contains atoms,the cup contains atoms,the air around the cup contains atoms. In every way you are using these atoms in your daily appliances. Our world is matter in movement so it is rather quite fundamental for us, except we live in a simulation and matter is only an illusion. Matter is very important, so you have written about the matter. the most important matter is. in one word. Bliss encompasses every thing,Tangible and intangible
Q5 what is screw gauge?find mechanical advantage of screw gauge?
ANS
screw gauge
The screw gauge is an instrument used for measuring exactly the diameter of a thin wire or the width of a sheet of metal. It comprises of a U-shaped mount which is fixed with a screwed pin which is fixed to a thimble. Side by side to the axis of the thimble, a scale passed in mm is inscribed. Having a U shaped metallic mount, a screw gauge measures even the tiniest length with exact accuracy.Just like Vernier calipers, a screw gauge also holds two scales - a key scale and an additional scale. The key scale is a millimeter scale passed to 0.5 mm, on the other hand, the additional scale is split into 50 uniform divisions. The additional scale is on the small metal cap which safeguards the finger while sewing of the screw gauge and measures hundredth of the measurement. The mandible of the gauge is shifted revolving the thimble. The additional scale on the thimble is also termed as the Vernier revolving scale. Besides, the thimble is so adapted that 2 changes of the thimble will let the mandible to shift by 1 mm. This means that a single revolving will shift the mandibles only by 0.50 mm. The key scale rest on the part of the screw gauge termed as the “sleeve". In order of priority to take the studies by using a screw gauge, the thing is set between the mandibles which are shifted by the thimble. The transmission button is used to set the object strongly between the mandibles. For exact reading, the thimble should be shifted until three clicks are audible from the main part of the device.The main part of the device checks the exactness and also stops the object from getting ruined. The key scale reading is taken considering also the 0.5 mm divisions that are given below the key scale. The additional scale reading is captured by noticing the level on the thimble that coexists with the key scale on the sleeve. It has all the bells and whistles you need for the getting the accurate result of measurements and it is also known as the Micrometer Screw Gauge. In an order to know more about the instrument, take a dive into the some of its advantages mentioned-below.
Advantages
Accurate Measurement: One of the main reasons why you should use a micrometer is that it delivers you quick and accurate results. Thus, it is considered as one of the most accurate measuring devices in all the industries where it is used. *Wide Applications:*Micrometers are highly demanded in mechanical engineering and machining applications. Also, they are very easy to use and one case easily gets the accurate reading with having bit knowledge of precision measuring tools. *Great Potential:*Each and every unit of the micrometer is fitted with specialized equipment that is known for serving specific tasks. Some of them even have anvils and spindle tips that allow the more precision measurement as per the need of your application. *Different Types Available:*In an order to get the accurate measurement of a specific type of a distance, it is important to stick to its right type. This is because the variety of distances can be measured with this instrument and it totally depends on its right type. *Highly Durable:*The device has a long-serving life and thus, requires investment only in the starting and afterwards you can reap its benefits for longer period. One can use it in more than one application multiple times. Therefore, you get assured that your investment is secure. All its advantages mentioned above make it an ideal choice in all the industries where they have a high demand. This precision measuring instrument is very much important and best to use as compare to any other similar option out in the market for serving the same purpose. Also, their cost is not so high and can fit into your budget, which means no matter what the size of your organization, you can afford this instrument and take all its benefits.
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